12french

^{The French version of the Childhood Health Assessment Questionnaire (CHAQ) and the
Child Health Questionnaire (CHQ)}

J. Pouchot¹, N. Ruperto², I. Lemelle³, D. Sommelet³, E. Grouteau⁴, L. David⁵, A. Duquesne⁵, C. Job Deslandre⁶, I. Kone Paut⁷, P. Pillet⁸, L. Goumy⁹, C. Barbier¹⁰, M.H. Guyot¹⁰, F. Mazingue¹⁰, S. Gandon Laloum¹¹, M. Fischbach¹², P. Quartier¹³, C. Guyot¹⁴, S. Jean¹⁵, E. Le Gall¹⁵, E. Plouvier¹⁶, M. Bost¹⁷, L. de Lumley¹⁸, A. LePlège¹⁹, J.P. Larbre⁵, F. Guillemin²⁰, J. Coste²¹, J.M. Landgraf²², A.M. Prieur¹³, for the Paediatric Rheumatology International Trials Organisation (PRINTO) and for The French Study Group for Quality of Life in Rheumatology

¹Service de Médecine Interne, Hôpital Louis Mourier, Colombes, France; ²Laboratorio di Informatica Medica, IRCCS S. Matteo, Pavia, Italy; ³CHU Brabois, Nancy; ⁴Hôpital Purpan, Toulouse; ⁵Hospices Civils, Lyon; ⁶Hôpital Cochin, Paris; ⁷Hôpital Nord, Marseille, ⁸Hôpital Pellegrin, Bordeaux; ⁹CHU d'Angers, Angers; ¹⁰Hôpital Jeanne de Flandre, Lille; ¹¹CHU de Caen, Caen; ¹²Hôpital de Hautepierre, Strasbourg; ¹³Hôpital Necker, Paris; ¹⁴Hôpital Mère Enfant, Nantes; ¹⁵Hôpital Sud, Rennes; ¹⁶Hôpital Saint Jacques, Besançon; ¹⁷Hôpital Nord, Grenoble; ¹⁸Hôpital Dupuytren, Limoges; ¹⁹INSERM Hôpital de Bicètre, Paris; ²⁰Ecole de Santè Publique, UPRES EA 1124, Facultè de Mèdecine, Vandoeuvre; ²¹Dèpartement de Biostatistique et d'Informatique Mèdicale, Hôpital Cochin, Paris, France; ²²HealthAct, Boston, MA, USA.

ABSTRACT
We report the results of the cross-cultural adaptation and validation into the French language of two health status instruments. The Childhood Health Assessment Questionnaire (CHAQ) is a disease specific instrument that measures functional ability in daily living activities in children with juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA). The Child Health Questionnaire (CHQ) is a generic health related quality of life instrument designed to capture the physical and psychosocial well-being of children independently from the underlying disease. Five hundred children were enrolled including 306 patients with JIA classified into systemic (23%), polyarticular (22%), extended oligoarticular (25%), and persistent oligoarticular (30%) subtypes, and 194 healthy children. Both instruments were reliable with intra-class correlation (ICC) coefficients for the test-retest procedure of 0.91 for the CHAQ, and 0.87 and 0.89 for the physical and psychosocial summary scores of CHQ, respectively. Agreement between parents and children evaluated for the CHAQ was high with an ICC of 0.89 for the disability index; weighted kappa coefficients for the 8 domains ranged from 0.61 to 0.72. Convergent validity was demonstrated by significant correlations with the JIA core set of variables (physician and parent global assessment, scores for active joints and joints with limited range of motion, erythrocyte sedimentation rate) for both instruments. Both CHAQ and CHQ discriminated between healthy and JIA children, but only the disease specific CHAQ questionnaire discriminated clearly between the 4 JIA subtypes.
In conclusion, the French versions of the CHAQ and the CHQ are reliable, and valid health assessment questionnaires to be used in children suffering from JIA.

Key words
French Childhood Health Assessment Questionnaire (CHAQ), French Child Health Questionnaire (CHQ), cross cultural adaptation and psychometric evaluation, health related quality of life, juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA), healthy children.

Supported by a grant from the European Union (BMH4-983531 CA), by IRCCS Policlinico S. Matteo (Pavia, Italy) and by Telecom Italy.

Please address correspondence and requests for reprints to either: Anne-Marie Prieur, MD, Hôpital Necker Enfants Malades, Unitè d'Immunologie, Hèmatologie et Rhumatologie Pèdiatriques, 149 rue de Sèvres, 75745 Paris Cedex 15, France.
E-mail: anne-marie.prieur@nck.ap-hop-paris.fr
or PRINTO, IRCCS Policlinico S. Matteo, Pediatria Generale e Reumatologia, Piazzale Golgi, 2, 27100 Pavia, Italy.
E-mail: nruperto@smatteo.pv.it
WWW: http://www.medit.it/printo/