Reviews
Advances, limitations and future perspectives in the diagnosis and management of dry eye in Sjögren’s syndrome
J. Vehof1, T.P. Utheim2, H. Bootsma3, C.J. Hammond4
- Department of Ophthalmology and Epidemiology, University of Groningen, University Medical Centre Groningen, The Netherlands. j.vehof@umcg.nl
- Department of Ophthalmology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway.
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, University of Groningen, University Medical Centre Groningen, the Netherlands.
- Section of Academic Ophthalmology, School of Life Course Sciences, Faculty of Life Course Sciences and Medicine (FoLSM), King’s College London, St. Thomas’ Hospital Campus, London, and Department of Ophthalmology, Guys and St Thomas’ NHS Foundation Trust, St Thomas’ Hospital, London, UK.
CER13821
2020 Vol.38, N°4 ,Suppl.126
PI 0301, PF 0309
Reviews
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PMID: 33025899 [PubMed]
Received: 15/07/2020
Accepted : 31/08/2020
In Press: 25/09/2020
Published: 23/10/2020
Abstract
Primary Sjögren’s syndrome is a complex systemic autoimmune disorder that primarily affects exocrine glands such as the lacrimal glands. Dry eye disease is one of the most prevalent complications of Sjögren’s syndrome, affecting most patients. It significantly impairs quality of life and management is often difficult and unsatisfactory, in part due to weak correlation between symptoms and signs and poor recognition of the three main subtypes aqueous-deficient, evaporative and neuropathic dry eye. This review provides an overview of key aspects of dry eye disease, such as its multifactorial aetiology and recent insights into pathophysiology. The uses and pitfalls of commonly-used diagnostic tests for dry eye are reviewed, as well as the increasing number of new imaging technologies and biomarkers to refine diagnosis. There are many current and emerging treatment options for dry eye in Sjögren’s syndrome, but high-level evidence of efficacy is mostly lacking, as are evidence-based treatment algorithms. All these aspects make the management of dry eye in Sjögren’s syndrome challenging.
