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One year in review

 

Pathogenesis of Sjögren’s disease: one year in review 2024

1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6

 

  1. Rheumatology Unit, University of Pisa, Italy. chiara.baldini74@gmail.com
  2. Pathophysiology Department, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Greece.
  3. Rheumatology Unit, University of Pisa, Italy.
  4. Rheumatology Unit, University of Pisa, Italy.
  5. Experimental Medicine and Rheumatology, William Harvey Research Institute, Queen Mary University of London, UK.
  6. Experimental Medicine and Rheumatology, William Harvey Research Institute, Queen Mary University of London, UK.

CER18373
2024 Vol.42, N°12
PI 2336, PF 2343
One year in review

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PMID: 39656593 [PubMed]

Received: 24/11/2024
Accepted : 02/12/2024
In Press: 10/12/2024
Published: 19/12/2024

Abstract

The pathogenesis of Sjögren’s disease (SjD) is still elusive; however, the disease is widely recognised as a multistep disorder triggered by the interplay of environmental, hormonal and genetic factors. Innate immune system plays a crucial role in the initiation of the inflammatory process, but the amplification and the perpetuation of the autoimmune process require a continual interaction between the innate and adaptive immune systems. Several important contributions elucidating SjD pathogenesis have been recently published due to emerging technologies. This review provides an overview of the recent literature focusing, in the first part, on new insights into genetic and epigenetics studies. In the second part, we will discuss new findings related to salivary epithelial glandular cells and their interaction with other immune cells, type I interferon signature and innate immunity. Finally, as ectopic germinal centres like structures in the salivary glands of patients with SjD have been critically involved in autoreactive B cell activation and have been associated with progression towards B cell lymphomas, we will focus on new insights into their regulation in SjD and novel insights into the transition to lymphoma. Hopefully, a better comprehension of SjD complexity will pave the way to highly targeted therapeutic strategies.

DOI: https://doi.org/10.55563/clinexprheumatol/i8iszc

Rheumatology Article