Reviews
The diagnostic power of salivary electrolytes for Sjögren’s disease: a systematic literature review and meta-analysis
J.S. Van Santen1, Z. Assy2, F.J. Bikker3, M.L. Laine4, A. Vissink5, F.G. Kroese6, S. Pringle7
- Department of Oral Biochemistry, and Department of Periodontology, Academic Centre for Dentistry Amsterdam, University of Amsterdam and Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam; Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, and Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, University Medical Centre Groningen, University of Groningen, The Netherlands. j.s.van.santen@acta.nl
- Department of Oral Biochemistry, Academic Centre for Dentistry Amsterdam, University of Amsterdam and Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
- Department of Oral Biochemistry, Academic Centre for Dentistry Amsterdam, University of Amsterdam and Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
- Department of Periodontology, Academic Centre for Dentistry Amsterdam, University of Amsterdam and Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University Medical Centre Groningen, University of Groningen, The Netherlands.
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, University Medical Centre Groningen, University of Groningen, The Netherlands.
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, University Medical Centre Groningen, University of Groningen, The Netherlands.
CER17021
2023 Vol.41, N°12
PI 2511, PF 2524
Reviews
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PMID: 38079344 [PubMed]
Received: 25/07/2023
Accepted : 18/09/2023
In Press: 29/11/2023
Published: 23/12/2023
Abstract
OBJECTIVES:
To perform a systematic review and meta-analysis to determine the power of salivary electrolytes for the diagnosis of Sjögren’s disease (SjD).
METHODS:
A literature search was conducted (last search March 2023) using PubMed and Web of Science and completed with a manual search. Articles were screened for reports of human salivary ion concentrations, comparing SjD patients with healthy controls and/or sicca patients. Articles not using the SjD classification criteria or performing the classification as part of the experimental design were excluded. Forest plots were used to present the meta-analyses results for each ion, distinguishing between salivary type (unstimulated and stimulated whole saliva, submandibular/sublingual and parotid saliva).
RESULTS:
A total of 21 out of 722 articles were eligible for inclusion. For SjD patients a significant increase in salivary ion concentration was observed for sodium, chloride and calcium when comparing to healthy controls. Significant differences between SjD and sicca patients were noted for sodium, chloride, phosphate, calcium, phosphate, nitrite and nitrate. Stimulated whole saliva showed larger variability in results between studies in comparison to other types of saliva (unstimulated whole saliva, submandibular/sublingual saliva and parotid saliva).
CONCLUSIONS:
Despite differences in saliva type, salivary ion levels could be utilised for the screening for SjD. Making use of chloride in combination with sodium would be most promising for distinguishing SjD patients from healthy controls and adding phosphate to potentially make a distinguishment with sicca patients. Unstimulated whole saliva should be the first choice when testing salivary ion concentrations.
